Managing knowledge: Issues and challenges Managing knowledge: Issues and challenges: "Knowledge management has yet another important application in the choice of organization design options. From one point of view, structure or hierarchy is a reflection of how the organization allocates decision rights. A currently acceptable norm is to assign tasks and responsibilities to organizational members on whom resides the relevant knowledge. The validity of such a strategy of empowerment rests not on some old-fangled motivational theory but on the practical need to make timely decisions in an environment of rapid, unpredictable change. The brute fact is that in today's information-driven world of business, knowledge is lodged not in the men and women at the top who call the shots, but in those who man the ramparts."  ¶ 08:29